Landing a chemical engineering job requires demonstrating a strong grasp of fundamental principles, practical problem-solving abilities, and the soft skills needed to collaborate effectively in a professional environment. Interviews are your opportunity to showcase this blend of technical expertise and interpersonal capability. Preparing for common chemical engineering interview questions is crucial for success. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of 30 questions frequently asked by interviewers, ranging from technical concepts like thermodynamics and mass balance to behavioral scenarios involving teamwork, troubleshooting, and project management. By understanding the intent behind these questions and formulating structured, experience-backed answers, you can significantly boost your confidence and performance. Whether you are a recent graduate or an experienced professional, reviewing these core areas will ensure you are ready to articulate your knowledge and skills effectively, demonstrating your potential contribution to a prospective employer in the chemical engineering field.
What Are Chemical Engineering Interview Questions?
Chemical engineering interview questions are queries posed by potential employers to evaluate a candidate's technical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and professional competencies relevant to the field. These questions cover a broad spectrum, including core chemical engineering principles such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, reaction kinetics, and process control. They also delve into practical applications like process design, simulation, scale-up, troubleshooting, safety, and environmental compliance. Beyond technical aspects, interviews often include behavioral questions designed to assess teamwork, communication, leadership potential, time management, and adaptability. The goal is to gauge not just what you know, but how you think, approach challenges, and fit within a team and company culture. Preparing for these chemical engineering interview questions involves reviewing fundamentals, practicing explaining technical concepts clearly, and preparing specific examples from academic projects, internships, or previous jobs.
Why Do Interviewers Ask Chemical Engineering Interview Questions?
Interviewers ask specific chemical engineering interview questions for several key reasons. First and foremost, they need to verify a candidate's technical foundation and understanding of core chemical engineering principles essential for the role. Questions on topics like mass balance or reactor design assess this fundamental knowledge. Secondly, interviewers want to evaluate a candidate's problem-solving and analytical skills. Questions about troubleshooting or challenging projects reveal how you approach and resolve complex issues. Behavioral chemical engineering interview questions assess your soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, adaptability, and leadership, which are critical for success in a collaborative engineering environment. Safety and compliance questions are vital to ensure candidates understand the importance of safe practices in a potentially hazardous industry. Finally, questions about staying updated or using simulation software gauge your commitment to continuous learning and familiarity with industry tools. Overall, these questions help interviewers predict your performance, cultural fit, and potential value to their organization, making preparation for common chemical engineering interview questions a critical step in the job application process.
Preview List
Can you describe a challenging project you worked on and how you approached it?
How do you ensure safety and compliance in your chemical processes?
Explain the importance of thermodynamics in chemical engineering.
Describe a time when you had to troubleshoot a process issue. What steps did you take?
How do you stay updated with the latest advancements in chemical engineering?
Can you discuss your experience with process simulation software?
What methods do you use to optimize chemical processes for efficiency?
Describe a situation where you had to work as part of a multidisciplinary team.
How do you handle tight deadlines and pressure in your projects?
Can you explain the concept of mass and energy balances in chemical processes?
Describe your experience with scale-up processes from lab to production.
How do you approach environmental sustainability in your engineering practices?
Can you provide an example of how you have implemented cost-saving measures in a project?
What role does data analysis play in your decision-making process?
How do you prioritize tasks when managing multiple projects?
Describe a time when you had to communicate complex technical information to a non-technical audience.
What are the key factors to consider when designing a chemical reactor?
How do you approach risk assessment in chemical engineering projects?
Can you discuss your experience with quality control and assurance in chemical manufacturing?
Describe a time when you had to adapt to a significant change in a project or process.
How do you ensure effective collaboration with other departments, such as R&D or production?
What techniques do you use for process optimization and control?
Can you explain the significance of fluid mechanics in chemical engineering?
Describe your experience with regulatory compliance in the chemical industry.
How do you foster innovation and creativity in your engineering work?
What is the difference between a unit operation and a unit process?
What is process design in chemical engineering?
What is the purpose of a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)?
What are the different types of reactors used in chemical processes?
How do you calculate the residence time in a reactor?
1. Can you describe a challenging project you worked on and how you approached it?
Why you might get asked this:
Assess your problem-solving skills, technical application, project management approach, and ability to overcome obstacles in a chemical engineering context. Shows your resilience and methodology.
How to answer:
Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result). Clearly outline the challenge, your specific role, the steps you took to address it, and the successful outcome.
Example answer:
In a senior design project, our reactor design was unstable at target conditions. My task was to stabilize it. I analyzed reaction kinetics, modeled heat transfer, and found temperature sensitivity was key. We implemented stricter temperature control, stabilizing the process and achieving design specs.
2. How do you ensure safety and compliance in your chemical processes?
Why you might get asked this:
Safety is paramount in chemical engineering. This question evaluates your knowledge of safety regulations, risk management, and commitment to maintaining a safe working environment and process operation.
How to answer:
Discuss familiarity with safety standards (like OSHA/EPA), risk assessment techniques (like PHA), implementation of protocols, training, and continuous monitoring/audits.
Example answer:
Safety is non-negotiable. I ensure compliance by adhering to P&IDs, participating in PHAs, strictly following SOPs, conducting safety walk-throughs, reporting near misses, and staying informed on regulations like OSHA and EPA guidelines relevant to the process.
3. Explain the importance of thermodynamics in chemical engineering.
Why you might get asked this:
Tests your understanding of core chemical engineering principles. Thermodynamics is fundamental to analyzing energy changes, equilibrium, and feasibility of processes.
How to answer:
Explain how thermodynamics governs energy and material transformations. Mention its application in reaction equilibrium, energy balances, separation processes, and optimizing process efficiency.
Example answer:
Thermodynamics is foundational as it dictates energy flows and equilibrium. It's vital for designing reactors (reaction feasibility, energy release/absorption), separation units (phase equilibria), heat exchangers, and overall process energy efficiency, ensuring operations are both possible and economical.
4. Describe a time when you had to troubleshoot a process issue. What steps did you take?
Why you might get asked this:
Evaluates your analytical and problem-solving skills under operational conditions. Shows your ability to identify root causes, test hypotheses, and resolve issues logically.
How to answer:
Describe the specific issue, your role, the data collection and analysis you performed, how you formed and tested hypotheses, the solution implemented, and the result.
Example answer:
A pump in a distillation unit was failing intermittently. I gathered operating data, checked maintenance logs, and inspected the pump and controls. Data showed correlation with temperature spikes. We found a faulty sensor causing incorrect feedback. Replacing it resolved the issue promptly.
5. How do you stay updated with the latest advancements in chemical engineering?
Why you might get asked this:
Chemical engineering is constantly evolving. This question assesses your commitment to continuous learning and professional development beyond formal education.
How to answer:
Mention specific methods like reading industry journals, attending webinars or conferences, participating in professional organizations (e.g., AIChE), taking online courses, and networking with peers.
Example answer:
I stay current by subscribing to journals like AIChE Journal, attending webinars on new technologies or regulations, following industry news sites, participating in local AIChE chapter meetings, and discussing new findings with colleagues to broaden my perspective.
6. Can you discuss your experience with process simulation software?
Why you might get asked this:
Process simulation software is a standard tool. This question checks your practical skills and familiarity with industry-relevant software for design and analysis.
How to answer:
Name the specific software you've used (Aspen Plus, HYSYS, Pro/II, MATLAB, etc.). Describe the types of simulations you've performed (mass/energy balances, equipment sizing, process optimization) and their purpose.
Example answer:
I have experience using Aspen Plus for process simulation. I've built models for distillation columns and heat exchanger networks, performing mass and energy balances, conducting sensitivity analyses, and optimizing operating conditions based on simulation results for efficiency and yield.
7. What methods do you use to optimize chemical processes for efficiency?
Why you might get asked this:
Efficiency is key to profitability and sustainability. This question assesses your knowledge of techniques used to improve yields, reduce costs, minimize waste, and save energy.
How to answer:
Discuss various techniques like process control strategies, heat integration, catalyst selection, reaction condition optimization, recycling streams, data analysis (SPC), and equipment upgrades.
Example answer:
I use techniques like optimizing reaction parameters (temperature, pressure, residence time), implementing advanced process control, exploring catalyst improvements, performing heat integration studies to reduce energy consumption, and analyzing process data to identify and eliminate bottlenecks.
8. Describe a situation where you had to work as part of a multidisciplinary team.
Why you might get asked this:
Engineering projects rarely involve only chemical engineers. This question evaluates your ability to collaborate, communicate, and contribute within diverse teams (e.g., mechanical, electrical, R&D, operations).
How to answer:
Provide an example involving colleagues from different disciplines. Explain your role, how you communicated complex ideas, how you handled differing perspectives, and how the team achieved its shared goal.
Example answer:
On a plant expansion project, I collaborated with mechanical, electrical, and civil engineers. My role was process design integration. I used P&IDs and clear diagrams to communicate needs across disciplines, ensuring equipment specs and layouts met process requirements effectively and safely.
9. How do you handle tight deadlines and pressure in your projects?
Why you might get asked this:
Engineering often involves time constraints. This question assesses your stress management, organization, and ability to perform effectively when faced with pressure.
How to answer:
Explain your approach to managing workload under pressure: prioritizing tasks, breaking down large tasks, planning, communicating potential issues early, and focusing on critical path items.
Example answer:
I manage pressure by first clarifying priorities and breaking the project into smaller, manageable tasks with specific deadlines. I use task lists and calendars, communicate progress and potential delays proactively with my team and stakeholders, and focus on executing one step effectively at a time.
10. Can you explain the concept of mass and energy balances in chemical processes?
Why you might get asked this:
Core fundamental concept. Essential for understanding process design, analysis, and troubleshooting. Tests your ability to apply conservation principles.
How to answer:
Explain that mass balance applies the conservation of mass principle (mass in = mass out + accumulation) to a system. Energy balance applies the conservation of energy (energy in - energy out + generation - consumption = accumulation) to a system, including heat and work.
Example answer:
Mass balance tracks material flows, ensuring total mass entering a system equals total mass leaving plus any accumulation. Energy balance tracks energy flows (heat, work, internal energy), ensuring energy entering equals energy leaving plus any generation/consumption. They are fundamental for quantitative process analysis and design.
11. Describe your experience with scale-up processes from lab to production.
Why you might get asked this:
Scale-up is a critical step involving significant engineering challenges. This question evaluates your understanding of how principles change with scale and your ability to translate lab data to industrial reality.
How to answer:
Discuss challenges encountered during scale-up, such as changes in mixing, heat/mass transfer, kinetics, and fluid dynamics. Explain how you used pilot plant data or theoretical models to address these and ensure process viability.
Example answer:
I assisted in scaling a fermentation process. We moved from bench to pilot scale, facing issues with heat removal and mixing homogeneity. We used pilot data to refine reactor design and mixing strategy, implementing jacket cooling and optimized impeller geometry for successful large-scale operation.
12. How do you approach environmental sustainability in your engineering practices?
Why you might get asked this:
Environmental responsibility is increasingly important. This question assesses your awareness of environmental impacts and your commitment to sustainable design and operation.
How to answer:
Discuss methods like waste minimization (reduce, reuse, recycle), improving energy efficiency, applying green chemistry principles, controlling emissions/effluents, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations (like EPA).
Example answer:
I integrate sustainability by considering waste streams early in design, optimizing processes to reduce energy consumption (e.g., heat integration), exploring alternative, less hazardous chemicals where possible, and ensuring all designs meet or exceed environmental regulatory requirements.
13. Can you provide an example of how you have implemented cost-saving measures in a project?
Why you might get asked this:
Cost-effectiveness is a key business driver. This question evaluates your ability to identify opportunities for savings and implement solutions without compromising quality, safety, or performance.
How to answer:
Describe a specific instance where you identified an opportunity to reduce costs. Explain the measure you implemented (e.g., process optimization, material substitution, energy reduction) and the quantifiable cost savings achieved.
Example answer:
In a pilot plant, we were using excess solvent in a purification step. By analyzing process data and performing small-scale tests, I determined we could reduce solvent usage by 15% while maintaining product purity, leading to significant raw material cost savings without affecting quality.
14. What role does data analysis play in your decision-making process?
Why you might get asked this:
Modern chemical engineering is highly data-driven. This question assesses your analytical skills and reliance on empirical evidence for making informed technical decisions and troubleshooting.
How to answer:
Explain how you collect, interpret, and use data to understand process behavior, identify trends, diagnose problems, optimize parameters, and validate results. Mention any statistical tools or software you use.
Example answer:
Data analysis is central. I use historical process data, real-time sensor readings, and lab results to understand process variability, identify correlations between parameters, troubleshoot deviations by pinpointing root causes, and make data-backed decisions for optimization and control adjustments.
15. How do you prioritize tasks when managing multiple projects?
Why you might get asked this:
Engineers often juggle multiple responsibilities. This question evaluates your organizational skills, time management, and ability to determine what is most important and urgent.
How to answer:
Describe your prioritization method. This might involve considering deadlines, project impact/value, resource availability, stakeholder needs, and using tools like priority matrices or task lists.
Example answer:
When managing multiple projects, I prioritize based on deadlines, project impact on business goals, and required dependencies from others. I use a combination of task lists and calendar blocking, regularly reassessing priorities daily and communicating clearly with stakeholders if conflicts arise.
16. Describe a time when you had to communicate complex technical information to a non-technical audience.
Why you might get asked this:
Engineers must communicate effectively across departments and with management. This question assesses your ability to translate technical jargon into understandable terms for people without an engineering background.
How to answer:
Give an example of a situation requiring such communication. Explain how you tailored your language, used analogies or visuals, and focused on the implications (e.g., cost, safety, schedule) rather than just technical details.
Example answer:
I presented a new process control strategy to management and operations. Instead of detailing PID loops, I explained it using a car's cruise control analogy, focusing on how it would improve product consistency, reduce waste, and ultimately increase profitability, which resonated with their priorities.
17. What are the key factors to consider when designing a chemical reactor?
Why you might get asked this:
Reactor design is a core chemical engineering task. This question tests your understanding of the critical parameters influencing reactor performance and selection.
How to answer:
List and explain key factors: reaction kinetics, thermodynamics (energy balance), heat/mass transfer, mixing requirements, operating conditions (temp, pressure), catalyst (if any), scale, materials of construction, safety, and cost.
Example answer:
Key factors include reaction kinetics (rate law, order), thermodynamics (exothermicity/endothermicity), heat/mass transfer needs, mixing efficiency, operating conditions (temperature, pressure), required residence time, materials compatibility, safety considerations, and overall economic feasibility and scale.
18. How do you approach risk assessment in chemical engineering projects?
Why you might get asked this:
Safety and process reliability depend on thorough risk assessment. This question evaluates your familiarity with methodologies for identifying and mitigating potential hazards and failures.
How to answer:
Describe a systematic approach involving hazard identification (e.g., using checklists, PHAs, HAZOPs), analyzing likelihood and consequences, evaluating risks, implementing control/mitigation measures, and documenting and reviewing the process.
Example answer:
My approach to risk assessment involves identifying potential hazards early using tools like HAZOPs or checklists. I evaluate the likelihood and severity of potential incidents, determine existing safeguards, calculate risk levels, and propose additional mitigation measures to reduce risk to an acceptable level, documenting the process thoroughly.
19. Can you discuss your experience with quality control and assurance in chemical manufacturing?
Why you might get asked this:
Ensuring product quality is crucial. This question assesses your understanding of methodologies used to monitor, verify, and maintain product specifications throughout production.
How to answer:
Describe processes you've used or encountered, such as sampling plans, analytical testing (e.g., chromatography, spectroscopy), statistical process control (SPC), documentation (batch records), non-conformance handling, and internal/external audits.
Example answer:
I've worked with QC by implementing sampling plans, coordinating analytical testing of raw materials, intermediates, and finished products, and monitoring process parameters using SPC charts to ensure they stay within control limits, documenting everything meticulously to maintain traceability and quality standards.
20. Describe a time when you had to adapt to a significant change in a project or process.
Why you might get asked this:
The industry is dynamic. This question assesses your flexibility, resilience, and ability to adjust plans and methods when faced with unexpected changes or new information.
How to answer:
Explain the nature of the change, your initial reaction, how you assessed the impact, the steps you took to adjust your approach or plan, and the outcome after adapting. Highlight a positive attitude and problem-solving focus.
Example answer:
Mid-project, client requirements changed, necessitating a different catalyst and reactor type. I quickly researched alternatives, analyzed kinetic data for the new catalyst, adapted my simulation model, and reworked the design calculations within the revised timeline, successfully integrating the new technology.
21. How do you ensure effective collaboration with other departments, such as R&D or production?
Why you might get asked this:
Cross-functional collaboration is essential for smooth operations and innovation. This question assesses your ability to work effectively with colleagues from different parts of the organization.
How to answer:
Discuss strategies like holding regular cross-functional meetings, establishing clear communication channels, defining roles and responsibilities, fostering mutual respect, active listening, and aligning objectives towards shared company goals.
Example answer:
I ensure collaboration by holding regular check-ins with R&D to understand new developments and with production to get operational feedback. I maintain open communication channels, clarify project goals, and actively listen to their perspectives to bridge gaps and ensure smooth information flow and aligned efforts.
22. What techniques do you use for process optimization and control?
Why you might get asked this:
Tests your knowledge of methods used to improve process performance and stability. Optimization focuses on efficiency, while control ensures stable operation at desired conditions.
How to answer:
Mention techniques like statistical process control (SPC), feedback/feedforward control loops, PID control tuning, advanced process control (APC), Six Sigma/Lean methodologies, design of experiments (DOE), and dynamic simulation.
Example answer:
For optimization, I use DOE to find optimal operating points and statistical analysis. For control, I implement and tune PID controllers for key variables. I also utilize SPC charts to monitor process stability and identify deviations early, aiming for continuous improvement.
23. Can you explain the significance of fluid mechanics in chemical engineering?
Why you might get asked this:
Fundamental concept. Fluid mechanics principles are applied in countless pieces of equipment (pumps, pipes, reactors, separators, mixers) and affect heat/mass transfer.
How to answer:
Explain that it governs the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases). Mention its importance in designing piping systems, sizing pumps/compressors, analyzing pressure drop, designing mixers, and understanding flow patterns crucial for reaction kinetics and heat/mass transfer.
Example answer:
Fluid mechanics is critical because most chemical processes involve fluids. It's essential for designing piping networks (pressure drop calculations), selecting and sizing pumps, designing mixing systems for reactors, understanding flow patterns in equipment like heat exchangers, and predicting heat and mass transfer rates.
24. Describe your experience with regulatory compliance in the chemical industry.
Why you might get asked this:
The chemical industry is highly regulated. This question assesses your awareness of relevant laws (environmental, safety, product) and your role in ensuring operations meet these standards.
How to answer:
Discuss specific regulations you are familiar with (e.g., EPA, OSHA, FDA depending on industry). Describe your role in adhering to permits, maintaining documentation, participating in audits, implementing procedures, and reporting requirements.
Example answer:
I have experience ensuring compliance with EPA regulations regarding emissions and waste handling. This involved maintaining accurate records, following standard operating procedures for waste disposal, preparing documentation for permits, and participating in internal audits to verify adherence to all environmental standards.
25. How do you foster innovation and creativity in your engineering work?
Why you might get asked this:
Innovation drives progress and competitive advantage. This question assesses your mindset towards continuous improvement, problem-solving creatively, and generating new ideas.
How to answer:
Discuss your methods for encouraging new ideas: staying curious, continuous learning, brainstorming with colleagues, seeking diverse perspectives, experimenting (where safe and feasible), and being open to challenging conventional approaches.
Example answer:
I foster innovation by staying curious about new technologies and approaches through reading and discussions. I encourage brainstorming sessions with colleagues to explore alternative solutions and I'm always open to experimenting with new methods or ideas in a controlled environment to find more efficient or effective ways of doing things.
26. What is the difference between a unit operation and a unit process?
Why you might get asked this:
Basic conceptual question. Differentiates between physical transformations and chemical transformations in chemical engineering analysis and design.
How to answer:
Explain that a unit operation involves physical changes (e.g., separation, mixing, heat exchange), while a unit process involves a chemical transformation (e.g., reaction, polymerization).
Example answer:
A unit operation involves physical changes, like distillation, filtration, or mixing. A unit process involves a chemical change, like oxidation, polymerization, or combustion. Unit operations manipulate materials physically; unit processes change their chemical composition.
27. What is process design in chemical engineering?
Why you might get asked this:
Tests your understanding of the overall task of creating a chemical plant or process. Covers the synthesis of various unit operations and processes.
How to answer:
Define process design as developing flow diagrams, selecting and sizing equipment, performing mass and energy balances, and optimizing conditions to convert raw materials into desired products efficiently and safely.
Example answer:
Process design is the conceptualization and engineering of a chemical process. It involves defining the sequence of steps (unit operations and processes), selecting equipment, conducting mass and energy balances, and optimizing conditions to transform raw materials into a product safely and cost-effectively.
28. What is the purpose of a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)?
Why you might get asked this:
P&IDs are fundamental documents in plant design and operation. This question assesses your ability to read and understand these critical schematics.
How to answer:
Explain that a P&ID is a detailed diagram showing piping, process equipment, instruments, and control systems. Its purpose is communication, design reference, operator training, and maintenance/safety analysis.
Example answer:
A P&ID is a detailed schematic showing piping, process equipment like vessels and pumps, and instrumentation with their control loops. It's essential for communicating design intent, operator training, maintenance planning, and safety studies like HAZOPs.
29. What are the different types of reactors used in chemical processes?
Why you might get asked this:
Reactor selection is central to chemical process design. This question tests your knowledge of common reactor types and their characteristics.
How to answer:
List common types: Batch, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), Plug Flow Reactor (PFR), and Fixed/Fluidized Bed Reactors. Briefly mention when each might be preferred (e.g., batch for small scale/flexibility, CSTR for mixing, PFR for high conversion).
Example answer:
Common types include Batch reactors (flexible, small scale), CSTRs (good mixing, constant conditions), PFRs (high conversion for fast reactions, tubular), and Fixed/Fluidized Bed reactors (for heterogeneous reactions, often catalytic), chosen based on kinetics and scale.
30. How do you calculate the residence time in a reactor?
Why you might get asked this:
Fundamental concept related to reactor performance. Residence time impacts conversion and reactor volume.
How to answer:
Explain that residence time (often average residence time) is calculated as the reactor volume divided by the volumetric flow rate of the fluid entering the reactor.
Example answer:
Residence time, often denoted as tau (τ), is calculated by dividing the effective volume of the reactor by the volumetric flow rate of the fluid entering the reactor. It represents the average time a fluid element spends inside the reactor volume.
Other Tips to Prepare for a Chemical Engineering Interview
Beyond mastering these common chemical engineering interview questions, several strategies can enhance your preparedness. Firstly, thoroughly research the company and the specific role. Understand their products, processes, values, and recent news. This allows you to tailor your answers and ask informed questions. Secondly, practice your responses out loud. Articulating your thoughts clearly under pressure is a skill that improves with rehearsal. Focus on presenting your experiences using the STAR method for behavioral questions, providing concrete examples. "Practice doesn't make perfect, it makes permanent. Practice the right way," says motivational speaker Tony Robbins. Consider leveraging AI-powered tools designed for interview practice. The Verve AI Interview Copilot at https://vervecopilot.com offers realistic mock interviews and feedback, helping you refine your delivery and content for chemical engineering interview questions specifically. Using a tool like Verve AI Interview Copilot can simulate the interview environment, identifying areas where you might need more technical review or better behavioral examples. Remember that interviews are also a two-way street; prepare insightful questions for the interviewer to show your engagement and interest. A well-prepared candidate demonstrates not only technical capability but also enthusiasm and a proactive approach to their career, something the Verve AI Interview Copilot can help you project more confidently.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: How technical are chemical engineering interviews?
A1: They vary but always include technical questions on fundamentals, unit operations, and process principles relevant to the role.
Q2: Should I bring a resume and transcript?
A2: Yes, always bring multiple copies of your resume and be prepared to discuss your transcript or portfolio.
Q3: How should I answer "Tell me about yourself"?
A3: Provide a concise summary linking your education, experience, and skills directly to the job description and company.
Q4: Is it okay to not know an answer?
A4: It's better to admit you don't know than guess incorrectly. Explain how you would find the answer or the approach you would take.
Q5: How important are behavioral questions?
A5: Very important; they assess soft skills like teamwork, communication, and problem-solving approach using past experiences.
Q6: What questions should I ask the interviewer?
A6: Ask about the team, projects, company culture, opportunities for growth, and challenges in the role – showing genuine interest.
